CJ-1 (Chinese: 长箭; pinyin: Changjian; literally: "Long Arrow") is a Chinese development of Russian 91RE1 anti-submarine missile. As China imported the ASW and land attack versions of SS-N-27, Chinese military was satisfied with the performance but not the price. It was too costly to import every single version of SS-N-27 so China decided to develop its own versions based on two versions imported, and CJ-1 is developed from the solid rocket powered 91RE1 model of SS-N-27.

”长箭一号“（CJ-1）（中文：长箭；拼音：Changjian；字面意思：“Long Arrow（长箭）”）是中国仿制的俄罗斯91RE1反潜导弹。由于中国进口了SS-N-27的反潜和对陆攻击型号，中国军方对性能感到满意，但对价格不满意。进口每个型号的SS-N-27成本太高，因此中国决定在进口的两种型号的基础上开发自己的型号，而CJ-1是从SS-N-27的固体火箭动力91RE1型号发展而来的。

Russian 91RE1 anti-submarine missile
俄罗斯91RE1反潜导弹

 

Norinco was assigned as the contractor to develop the Chinese improvement of 91RE1, and the first improvement was to overcome the deployment limitation. The original Russian weapon can only be deployed on Russian Kilo class submarines, and cannot be deployed on the newly built domestic Chinese submarines with fire control system based on western origin. The Chinese version is also built to Chinese GJV289A standard, the Chinese equivalent of MIL-STD-1553B, so that the weapon can be deployed on both the Russian and western origins. The second improvement shared by all models of the Chinese version is the incorporation of modular design concept so that a variety of payload can be carried.

中国北方工业集团公司被指定为研发91RE1中国改进项目的承包商，第一项改进是克服部署限制。俄罗斯原有的武器只能部署在俄罗斯基洛级潜艇上，不能部署在中国国内新建造的基于西方起源的火控系统的潜艇上。中国型号也按照中国GJV289A标准制造，这是相当于MIL-STD-1553B的中国标准，因此该武器可以部署在俄罗斯和西方国家。中国型号所有类型的第二个共同改进是采用了模块化设计理念，以便能够携带各种有效载荷。

 

CJ-1 ASW weapon

“长箭”-1反潜武器

 

This is the first member of the Chinese version developed from 91RE1. The main improvement is that in addition to the original Russian light torpedo carried in 91RE1, a variety of western light torpedoes and domestic Chinese light torpedoes based on western origin can be carried. The need for such improvement is because despite having much higher speed, the range of the Russian light torpedo such as APR-3E torpedo is too short. In contrast, western light torpedoes and their Chinese derivatives would have more than three times the range of their Russian counterparts, despite the slower speed they have.

这是从91RE1发展而来的第一个中国型号成员。主要改进是除了91RE1搭载的原版俄罗斯轻型鱼雷外，还可以搭载多种西方轻型鱼雷和基于西方起源的中国国产轻型鱼雷。需要这种改进是因为尽管速度更快，但俄罗斯轻型鱼雷如APR-3E鱼雷的射程太短。相比之下，西方轻型鱼雷及其中国衍生产品的射程将是俄罗斯同类产品的三倍以上，尽管它们的速度较慢。

 

Although dubbed as an ASW missile, CJ-1 ASW weapon is not an ASW missile as it is often erroneously referred, because one of the requirements for a missile is to have guidance in its flight, and this is not exactly what CJ-1 ASW weapon has. The missile is fired into the general direction of the target submarine with only rather limited inertial guidance, and the true guidance does not kick in until after the payload, namely, the torpedo has entered water. As a result, the official Chinese term of Rocket propelled (ASW) torpedo is a more accurate description for this weapon, and the developer classify the weapon somewhere between a fully guided missile and an unguided rocket (though closer to the missile than to the rocket). When the payload is a depth charge instead of a torpedo, the weapon is referred as (long range) ASW rocket. The depth charge that is much smaller in size and weight would also enable the maximum range of the missile to be extended by 60% to 80 km.

虽然被称为反潜导弹，但CJ-1反潜武器并不是通常被错误地称为反潜导弹，因为导弹的一个要求是在飞行中有制导，而这并不完全是CJ-1反潜武器所具备的。导弹只在相当有限的惯性制导下向目标潜艇的大致方向发射，真正的制导直到有效载荷（即鱼雷进入水中）后才会生效。因此，中国官方术语“火箭推进（ASW）鱼雷”对这种武器的描述更为准确，开发者将这种武器分类为完全制导导弹和非制导火箭之间的某个位置（尽管与导弹的距离比与火箭的距离更近）。当有效载荷是深水炸弹而不是鱼雷时，这种武器被称为（远程）ASW火箭。体积和重量都要小得多的深水炸弹也将使导弹的最大射程扩大60%至80公里。

 

Specifications:

规格：

 

Length: ≈ 8 meters

Diameter: 0.533 meter

Weight: ≈ 2 tons

Range: 50 – 80 km, depending on payload

Speed: ≈ Mach 2.5

Payload: a single depth charge or a light torpedo up to 400 mm diameter

Cruising altitude: ballistic trajectory

Propulsion: solid rocket

Guidance: inertial during flight

弹长：≈8米

弹径：0.533米

重量：≈2吨

射程：50 – 80 公里，取决于有效载荷

速度：≈2.5马赫

有效载荷：单个深水炸弹或直径达400毫米的轻型鱼雷

巡航高度：弹道

推进：固体火箭

制导：飞行中的惯性

 

CJ-1 AShM

“长箭一号”反舰导弹

 

Instead of importing submarine-launched anti-ship models of SS-N-27 from Russia, China has developed its own version. To simplify logistics and to reduce operational costs, the anti-ship version is developed from the solid rocket powered CJ-1 ASW weapon, instead of the original turbojet powered Russian version. A variety of seekers are developed for CJ-1 AShM, including radar, imaging infrared, and TV while the flight path of the missile is modified to have a sea-skimming capability. The warhead comes in a variety of size, with the largest weighing around half a ton. Specifications:

中国没有从俄罗斯进口潜射的SS-N-27反舰型号，而是开发了自己的型号。为了简化后勤和降低操作成本，反舰型武器是从固体火箭驱动的CJ-1 ASW武器发展而来，而不是最初的涡喷发动机驱动的俄罗斯版本。为CJ-1 AShM开发了多种导引头，包括雷达、红外成像和电视，同时对导弹的飞行轨迹进行了修改，使其具有掠海能力。弹头有多种尺寸，最大的重量约为半吨。规格：

 

Length: < 8 meters

Diameter: 0.533 meter

Weight: ≈ 2 tons

Range: 50 – 80 km, depending on warheads

Speed: ≈ Mach 2.5

Payload: warhead up to half a ton

Cruising altitude: ≈ 20 meter

Propulsion: solid rocket

Guidance: radar, imaging infrared, and TV

弹长：< 8 米

弹径：0.533米

重量：≈2吨

射程：50 – 80 公里，取决于弹头

速度：≈2.5马赫

有效载荷：弹头高达半吨

巡航高度：≈20米

推进：固体火箭

制导：雷达、成像红外、电视

 

The advantage of having CJ-1 AShM is that while having similar range in comparison to C-801 that is also powered by solid rocket motor, the warhead of CJ-1 AShM is more than four times larger, while when armed with smaller warhead, the range of CJ-1 AShM can be extended to over 60% to 80 km. The same advantage of CJ-1 AShM has over C-801 also holds in comparison to the turbojet powered C-802, and additionally, the solid rocket powered CJ-1 has another great advantage in that it is much easier and cheaper to maintain. According to Russian claims, 91RE1 can be put away and stored for three years, and this advantage is inherited in its Chinese upgrade. In contrast, any turbojet powered missile would require periodic maintenance in storage, thus increasing the cost.

拥有“长箭一号”反潜导弹（AShM）的优势在于，虽然与同样由固体火箭发动机提供动力的C-801相比具有相似的射程，但CJ-1 AShM的弹头大四倍以上，而配备更小的弹头时，CJ-1 AShM的射程可以扩展到超过60%达到80公里。与涡轮喷气发动机驱动的C-802相比，CJ-1 AShM与C-801相比具有相同的优势，此外，固体火箭发动机驱动的CJ-1还具有另一个很大的优势，即维护起来更容易、更便宜。根据俄罗斯的说法，91RE1可以存放三年，这一优势在其中国升级中得到了继承。相比之下，任何涡轮喷气动力导弹都需要定期维护，从而增加了成本。